Free Nios Solved Chemistry (313) Tutor Mark Assignment (TMA) 2024-25
Nios Class 10 Tutor Marked Assignment 2024-25 March/April 2025 & Ocotber/November 2025 Exam
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1. Answer any one of the following questions in about 40 to 60
words.
Q.
(b) Write the names of
the elements with atomic numbers 105, 109, 112, 115 according to IUPAC
nomenclature.
Ans.
Here are the names of the elements
with the respective atomic numbers according to IUPAC nomenclature:
- Element with atomic
number 105:
Dubnium (Db)
- Element with atomic
number 109:
Meitnerium (Mt)
- Element with atomic
number 112:
Copernicium (Cn)
- Element with atomic
number 115:
Moscovium (Mc)
These elements belong to the transactinide series and
are named following IUPAC guidelines.
2. Answer any one of the following questions in about 40 to 60
words.
Q. (a) How do metallic and ionic substances differ in
conducting electricity?
Ans. Metallic and ionic substances differ in how they conduct electricity due to
the nature of their bonding and the availability of charge carriers:
- Metallic
Substances:
- Conduct electricity in solid and molten states.
- Metals have a "sea of delocalized electrons" that move
freely throughout the lattice structure. These free electrons act as
charge carriers, allowing metals to conduct electricity efficiently.
- Ionic
Substances:
- Do not conduct electricity in solid state but do conduct when
molten or dissolved in water.
- In solid ionic compounds, ions are held in place within a rigid
lattice structure, so there are no free charge carriers. However, when
melted or dissolved, the ions become mobile, allowing them to carry
charge and conduct electricity.
3. Answer any one of the following questions in about 40 to 60
words.
Q.
(b) What must be the
value of (Ea) if the rate constant for a reaction is doubled when the
temperature increases from 300K to 310K?
Ans. 
4. Answer any one of the following questions in about 100 to 150 words.
Q. (a) Given below is a jumbled sequence of the
processes involved in a wastewater treatment plant. Arrange them in their
correct sequence.
(i)
Sludge is scraped out and skimmer removes floating grease.
(ii)
Water is made to settle in a large tank with a slope in the middle.
(iii) Large objects like plastic bags are removed
by passing wastewater through bar screens.
(iv) Sand, grit and pebbles are made to settle by
decreasing the speed of incoming wastewater.
(v) Wastewater enters a grit and sand removal
tank.
Ans. The correct sequence of
processes involved in a wastewater treatment plant is:
- (iii)
Large objects like plastic bags are removed by passing wastewater through
bar screens.
- (v)
Wastewater enters a grit and sand removal tank.
- (iv)
Sand, grit, and pebbles are made to settle by decreasing the speed of
incoming wastewater.
- (ii) Water
is made to settle in a large tank with a slope in the middle.
- (i)
Sludge is scraped out and the skimmer removes floating grease.
5. Answer any one of the following questions in about 100 to 150
words.
Q.
(a) Describe
the underlying principle of each of the following metal refining methods:
(i) Electrolytic refining of
metals
(ii) Vapour phase refining of
metals
Ans.
The
underlying principles for each of the metal refining methods:
(i)
Electrolytic Refining of Metals
Electrolytic refining is
based on the principle of electrolysis. In this method, an impure metal (anode)
is dissolved in an electrolytic solution and deposited onto a cathode.
- Process: When
electric current passes through the electrolyte, metal cations from the
anode dissolve into the solution and migrate to the cathode, where they
are reduced and deposit as pure metal. Impurities either remain in the
solution or settle as anode sludge.
- Advantages: This
method is highly efficient for producing high-purity metals and is widely
used for refining copper, silver, gold, and other metals.
(ii)
Vapour Phase Refining of Metals
Vapour phase refining
relies on the principle of converting a metal into its vapor form and then
separating it from impurities based on their volatility.
- Process: The
impure metal is reacted with a suitable reagent at high temperatures to
form a volatile compound. This compound is then vaporized and subsequently
condensed into a pure metal or a purer compound, while impurities remain
in the solid state.
- Example: One
common method is the Mond process for refining nickel, where nickel reacts
with carbon monoxide to form nickel carbonyl, which is then decomposed to
yield pure nickel.
- Advantages: This
method is effective for metals with high melting points and can achieve
very high purity levels.
These principles
highlight the chemical and physical processes used to obtain pure metals from
their ores or alloys.
6. Prepare any one project out of the following.
(b)
Chemistry is deeply embedded
in our daily experiences. Answer the following questions regarding the presence
and impact of chemistry in your everyday life.
(i)
How do you perceive the presence of chemistry in your daily routines or
activities? Can you identify any specific examples where chemistry plays a
significant role? (e.g., food preparation, cleaning products, personal care
items, etc.)
(ii)
Have you ever considered the chemical composition or reactions behind common
household items or products you use? Please provide examples and elaborate on
your understanding.
(iii)
In what ways does chemistry influence the food you consume or prepare? How do
chemical reactions impact cooking or food preservation techniques?
(iv)
Can you identify any environmental issues related to chemical usage in everyday
life? How do you think these issues could be mitigated or improved?
(v)
How does chemistry contribute to advancements in medicine and healthcare? Can
you discuss any specific pharmaceutical products or medical procedures that
showcase the role of chemistry in improving human health?
(vi)
What role does chemistry play in personal hygiene products or cosmetics that
you use? Are you aware of any chemical risks associated with these products?
Ans.
Here’s a concise
exploration of the presence and impact of chemistry in daily life based on your
questions:
(i) Presence of Chemistry in Daily Routines
Chemistry is omnipresent
in everyday activities. For example:
- Food Preparation:
Cooking involves chemical reactions, like caramelization of sugars and
denaturation of proteins in eggs when cooked.
- Cleaning Products:
Detergents and soaps contain surfactants that chemically interact with
grease and dirt, allowing them to be washed away.
- Personal Care:
Moisturizers and shampoos contain emulsifiers, preservatives, and active
ingredients that affect skin and hair health.
(ii) Chemical Composition of Household Items
Understanding the
chemical composition of products reveals their functionality:
- Bleach:
Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) is used for disinfection and stain removal. It
reacts with organic compounds, breaking them down.
- Baking Soda:
Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) is a leavening agent that releases carbon
dioxide when heated, helping baked goods rise.
(iii) Chemistry in Food Preparation
Chemical reactions are
fundamental in cooking:
- Maillard Reaction:
This reaction between amino acids and reducing sugars gives browned foods
their distinct flavor and color.
- Food Preservation:
Techniques like fermentation (e.g., yogurt) rely on microbial chemical
processes that produce lactic acid, extending shelf life.
(iv) Environmental Issues Related to Chemical Usage
Common environmental
issues include:
- Plastic Pollution:
Chemicals used in plastic production lead to waste accumulation.
- Pesticides:
Chemical runoff can harm ecosystems. Mitigation strategies include using
biodegradable materials and integrated pest management techniques.
(v) Chemistry in Medicine and Healthcare
Chemistry is crucial in
developing pharmaceuticals:
- Aspirin:
Its synthesis involves chemical reactions that produce pain relief and
anti-inflammatory effects.
- Vaccines:
The development involves biochemical processes, such as inactivated
pathogens or mRNA technology, to stimulate immune responses.
(vi) Chemistry in Personal Hygiene and Cosmetics
Chemistry is integral to
personal care products:
- Sunscreens:
Contain chemical compounds like zinc oxide or avobenzone that absorb or
reflect UV radiation.
- Risks:
Some cosmetics contain parabens, sulfates, or synthetic fragrances that
can cause skin irritation or allergic reactions. Awareness and regulation
can help minimize risks.
Overall, chemistry not
only enhances daily life but also poses challenges that require responsible
management for a sustainable future.
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